Barrel-churn.



PATENTED AUG. 15, 1905. U. RAW. BARREL ()HTUIEHIu APPLICATION FILED MAYlD, 1905.

2 SHBBTS-SHEET 1 INVENTO R.

WITNESSES:

PATENTED AUG.15, 1905.

0. RAW. BARREL GHURN.

APPLIGATION'FILBD MAYlQ, 1905.

2 SHEETS-EHEET Z.

monzw, u GRAHAM co. PviDIOMHkGC-RAPMERS. wAsmuman, I) c,

l? l Tld T l l l@fi.

Eipecification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug". 15, 1905..

Application filed May 19, 1905. Serial No. 261,124.

To all 10/1/0111 it In/( (re/merit:

Be it known that l, (11mm. ms RAW, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Barrel-Chorus, of which the following is a speciiication.

My invention relates to a barrel-churn, and has for its object to provide a churn of the kind having a stoneware body, with conveniently detachable and adjustable means to revolubly support and close the body.

A further object is to provide a top end closure for stoneware churn-bodies that is adapted to securely close the open ends of bodies molded on the same form, but dili'ering in size through difference in shrinkage in drying and burning.

A further object is to provide a form of churi'i-body that is adapted to be constructed of stoneware clay and for the secure attachment thereto of means to revolubly support the body and to close the open top end of the body and to provide means for revolubly supporting such stoneware body that is ad justable to variations in size of the body-from a general form due to difference in shriiiikage in drying and burning.

it accomplish these objects by constructing a stoneware churn-body and the means for revolubly supporting and closing the churnbody, as hereinafter described, and illustrated in the drawings, in which- Figure l is a side elevation of a churn constructed in accordance with my invention. llig. 2 is a top view of a reinforcing-bottom. Fig. 3 is a similar view of the top closure. Fig. a shows a modification of means of attaching the top closure and reinforcingbottom. Fig. 5 is a top view of a modilied form of top closure. Fig. 6 a diametric section of a top closure on line a a/ of Fig. 5, and Fig. 7 is a cross-section of the churn-body on line a: a: of Fig. 1.

in the drawings, 1 represents the churnbody, which is barrel-shaped and preferably constructed of stoneware clay and burned and glazed, as is stoneware pottery. The churnbody is open at the top and provided with an integral bottom. it is also provided with a belt-groove 2 around its periphery central between its ends, which is continuous except that at diametric points in the line of the groove the body is provided with the bosses 3. The thickness of the rim at of the body is slightly reduced from that of the thickness of the wall of the body, as shown in Fig. l. The open top end of the body is provided with a closure 5 of suitable diameter, which is preferably a disk comprising a circular metal plate 6, provided with a rim-flange 7 and having the central portion of the body of the plate cut away to reduce its weight, exceptinga diametrie portion 8 and the radial portions 9, a wooden disk 10 on the under side of the metal plate concentric to the flange covering the openings in the metal plate and secured to the plate by screws 11 through the diametric portion 8 and the 'adial portions 9, suitably pierced therefor, and the packing-ring 12, preferably formed of cork compressed between the disk 10 and the flange 7. flange 7 of the metal plate 6 is provided at intervals around its periphery with the lugs 13, which extend below the flange a distance. The metal plate 6 is preferably made of malleable metal, whereby the lugs 13 may be readily bent inward or outward to adjust them to engagement with the periphery of the bodyl when the closure 5 is placed on the rim t with the packing-ring 12 resting on the rim. The outer diameter of the packingring is greater and its inner diameter less than the outer and inner diameter of the rim 4L of the body in order that variation in the diameter and circle of the rim, due to difference in shrinkage in the drying and burning of the body 1, or slight warping of the rim from a true circle will not prevent the closure from being adjusted to make full contact of every part of the rim with the packing-ring, and when so adjusted the lugs 13 are bent into contact with the periphery of the body 1, whereby the closure 5 is adjusted to properly [it on the top of the rim. Axial to the closure the dial'netric portion 8 of the plate 6 is provided with the gudgeon-bearing 14-, upon which is pivotally mounted the spider 15, comprising a central bar 16., having central of its length an enlargement 16, which is provided with an orifice counterbored from the underside to receive the gudgeon 14: and countersunk from the upper side to receive the stud-screw let, which is tapped into the top end, of the gudgeon lat, said bar 16 having end portions 17 extending oppositely beyond the circumference of the closure and oppositely-extending arms 18 having end portions 19 adapted to engage the plate -3 above the packing-ring. The end portions it? of the cent 'al bar 16 of The I the spider terminate in flattened enlargements, which are provided with open vertical slots 20, having a countersunk portion To pivotally mount the churn-body to turn end for end and to provide means for securing the closure 5, there is provided a body-beltA, comprising the trunnion-bases 21 and 22, each forming asection of the belt and having projecting central therefrom a trunnion 23 and the straps 2%, each having secured thereto at one end portion a bolt end and each being provided at the opposite end portion with a squared opening 26. The trunnion-bases 21 and 22 are curved on their inner faces to the circle of the belt-groove of the churn-body, and central between the ends of the bases their inner faces are recessed to receive the trunnion-bosses 3. The base 21 is provided at each end with an outwardly projecting flange 27, and the flanges are pierced to receive the bolt ends 25 of the straps 24:. The base 22 is provided with the outwardiy-projecting hook-lugs 28, one near each end of the base, which are adapted to engagement with the straps 2% by means of the openings 26. \Vhen the trunnion-bases are located on the trunnion-bosses 3 with the trunnions 23 projecting opposite in alinement, they are socured in such position by inserting the bolt ends 25 of the straps through the flanges 27 of the base 21 and engaging the opposite end of the straps with the hook-lugs 28 of the base 22. The body-belt thus assembled is tightened and secured in the belt-groove 2 of the churn-body by means of the nuts 29, run on the bolt ends 25. Thus secured the bosses 3 prevent the body-belt from turning on the body of the churn and the shoulders of the groove prevent its displacement lengthwise of the churn-body.

The bases 21 and 22 are each provided with hooks 30 above and below the trunnions To the upper hooks 30 are booked the loop ends 31 ofconnecting-rods the opposite ends of which are threaded and provided with the thumb-nuts 33. The rods 32 are of a length to extend the thumb-nuts above the slotted ends 17 of the spider l5, and the rods are of adiameter to enter the slots, in which position the thumb-nuts may be run down on the rods in the countersunk portions 20 until the packing-ring of the closure 5 is firmly compressed on the rim of the churn-body.

To prevent the strain of the attachment of the closure 5 being sustained entirely by the upper shoulders of the belt-groove and to provide additional support and strength for the integral bottom of the churn-body, there is preferably provided a detachable metal disk bottom 34, having an annular rim-flange 35 of a diameter to receive the bottom portion of the churn-body, and slotted lugs 36, projecting opposite from diametric points of the rim-flange 35, and the lower hooks 30 of the trunnion-bases are provided with connectingrods 32,which have their upper end portions provided with loops for engaging the hooks and their lower end portions threaded and provided with nuts 37, by which when the lower end portions of the rods are extended through the slots of thelugs 36 of the detachable bottom and the nuts are tightened on the lugs the strain of tightening the closure 5 on the rim of the churnbody will be distributed by the connecting-rods 32 and 32 equally to both ends of the churn-body, thereby permitting greatly-increased pressure of the closure on the rim. The bottom 3st is also preferably made of a weight to counterbalance any excess of the weightof the closure 5 and its spider 16, whereby the empty churn-body and its attachments are evenly balanced on the trunnions.

The churn-body is detachably mounted in a supporting-frame 38, comprising the parallel base arch-bars 39, having imposts s0 faced to a common plane, the parallel stringerbars il, the connectingbolt 42 extending central through the arch-bars between the stringer-bars and having a thumb-nut T2, whereby the arch-bars are compressed on the ends of the stringer-bars, and the standards &3, secured to the arches and provided with slotted trunnion-bearings 5H: and handle-bars 4L5. At the outer ends of the arch-bars 39, on the same side of the frame with the handle-bars, are provided rollers 4:6, which are pivoted by stud-screws 47 to the sides of the arch-bars so as to extend partly rearward of the bars, but not below the plane of the imposts of the bars. Thus constructed when the churnbod y is mounted in the frame with the trunnions in the bearings eta of the standards it may be trundled about from place to place by tipping the frame rearward by the handlebars 2L5 until it rests on the rollers U.

The trunnion of base 21 is provided with an extension 48, which is squared to receive a crank 19. In one face of the trunnion extension 48 is provided a notch 50,- and to the outer face of the crank-body is pivoted by a pivot 50 a spring-catch 51, the upper end portion of which springs into engagement with a boss 51 on the face of the lever and the lower end of which is adapted to enter the notch, in which position it secures the crank against detachment from the trunnion while in use. \Vhen it is desired to remove the crank by springing the upper portion free of the boss and swinging the catch out of the notch, the crank may be readily removed.

The radial portions 9 of the plate 6 of the top closure 5 are each provided with orifices which register with orifices provided in the inner disk 11. One of the disk-orifices is counterbored at the top side of the disk to receive a s-ight-glass 52, which, provided with a suitable packing, forms when the plate 6 is secured to the disk a closure for the orifice in the disk and a means for observing the condis nuts 33.

tion of the contents of the churn-body. The other oriiice is provided with a stopper 53, which may be removed from time to time for the release of gas generated by the churning.

The disk 10 of the closure 5 and the integral bottom of the churn-body are preferably each provided with the ribs 54, which extend across the disk and bottom parallel with dianietric lines that are parallel with the axis of the trunnions, as shown in Fig. 7, the effect of which is to break up the current of cream 'l'lowing across the ends and along the sides as the churn-body is revolved on the trunnions; but the ribs may be omitted from either the closure or the bottom or from both.

in Figs. l, 5, and 6 are shown modilications of each of the following parts, via: the top closure, the spider for the closure, the detachable bottom, and the connecting-rods. in the modil'ied form of top closure 5 no part of the metal plate 6 is cut away and for the disk 10 is substituted the inner concentric flange 10, forming with the outer flange 7 a concentric groove to receive the packing-ring12. in the plate 6 the orifice for the sight-glass 52 is counterbored at the top to receive the glass, and the glass, suitably packed, is retained in position, closing the orilice by a retainingplate 55, having a central orifice 56 exposing a portion of the glass and screw-orifices to receive the screws 57, by which the retainingplate is secured to the plate 6. A modified form of spider 15 may be used with either the closure 5 or 5. In this form of spider lour arms 58 radiate from the central pivoted bearing, each one of which is provided with a slotted flattened end portion 17. For this Form of spider the connecting-rods 3E2, bent tr shape to engage the hooks 30, are substituted for the rods 32, the slotted end portions 17 of the arms 58 being suitably angled to bring the slots in position to receive the arms 59 oi. the connecting-rods, the free ends of which are threaded and provided with thumb- A detachable bottom 3st, having a rim-llange 35 provided with four lugs 36, may be substituted for the bottom as, and connecting-rods 82*, bent W shape and provided with nuts 33, may be substituted for the rods 3.], as shown in Fig. 4, and used in connection with either of the :lorms oi closures and spiders shown.

l Vhichever of the above-described forms of closure or the spiders therefor or detachable bottoms with the form of connecting-rods suited thereto is used, it is manifest that both the top closure and the rein'lorcing-bottom are readily attached to and detached from the churn-body and that by providing the churnbody with the belt-groove 2 and the trunnionbosses 3 at diamctric points of the groove and the belt-groove with the adjustable trunnionbelt A, I have made it practicable in a barrelchurn to substitute a stoneware ehurn-body tor the wooden-stave body ordinarily used. in

that class of churns, whereby I not only avoid the objectionable stave-seams, which cause the body to leak and become tainted, but I secure for the barrel-churn, which is recognized as peculiarly well adapted by reason of its continuous pouring oi the cream to the formation of butter, those superior qualities which stoneware possesses over any other known material for a churn-body as well as for all other receptacles for milk in all its stages from fresh milk to the formation of butter.

By constructing a frame as shown and described for revolubly mounting the churnbody l have provided a simple, strong, and durable support for the churn-body, in which it is readily mounted for use and which is convenient both for its operation and for trundling it about from place to place, and as constructed all the parts, whether pertaining to the frame or to the mounting of the churn-bod y therein, are readily assembled for use and as readily detached for cleansing.

What ll claim to be new is 1. In a barrel-churn, the combination with a barrel-shaped churn-body having one closed and one open end and having a peripheral belt-groove central between the ends provided with trunnion-bosses at diametric points of the groove, of a belt mounted in the groove comprising trunnion-bases adapted to enter the groove and provided with recesses to receive the bosses, connecting-straps tor the trunnion-bases, and means to adjustably connect the straps to the bases and form an adjustable belt around the churn-body, trunnions integral with the bases and projecting opposite in axial alinement, a closure-disk for the open end of the churn-body, having a packing-ring adapted to engage the rim of the churn-body, means connecting the elesure-disk with the trunnion-belt adapted to compress and secure the closure-disk on the rim of the churn-body.

2. In a barrel-churn, the combination with a barrel-shaped body having one open and one closed end, and provided central between the ends with a peripheral belt-groove having trunnion-bosses at diametric points of the groove, of a closure-disk for the open end of the churn-body, provided with a packing-ring adapted to engage the rim of the open end and with lugs adapted to adjust the packing to the rim, a reinforcing-disk for the closed end of the churn-body having a peripheral flange adapted to receive the closed end, the flange being provided with radial slotted lugs, a belt secured in the belt-groove, comprising trunnion-bases recessed to receive the trunnion-bosses, and straps engaging and adjustably connecting the trunnion-bases, means to tighten and secure the belt around the churnbody in the belt-groove, with the trunnionbosses in the recesses of the trunnion-bases, trunnions integral with the trunnion bases and. extending opposite therefrom in axial.

alinement, hooks on the trunnion-bases above and below the trunnions, a spider centrally pivoted to the closure-disk, having radial arms adapted to engage the closure-disk above the packing, and slotted end portions extend ing beyond the closure, connecting-rods having portions adapted to engage the hooks of the trunnion-bases, and threaded end portions, adapted to enter the slots of the lugs of the reinforcing-disk and of the arms of the spider, and nuts on the threaded end portions of the connecting-rods, substantially as set forth.

3. In a frame for a barrel-churn, the combination of parallel base arch-bars, parallel stringer-bars between and cross-connecting the arch-bars, a bolt centrally connecting the arch-bars between the stringer-bars, a nut for the bolt adapted to compress the arch-bars on the ends of the stringer-bars, standards secured central of the arch-bars, provided with trunnion-bearing slots, and handle-bar extensions, and rollers pivoted to the archbars, substantially as set forth.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses, this 13th day of May, 1905.

CHARLES RAW.

Witnesses:

V. W. MoREHoUsE, WVM. LooK. 

